Soybean meal (SBM) is the most widely used ingredient source of amino acids for pig and poultry diets in the world. Accurate formulation requires reliable amino acid and energy values for all ingredients. For SBM, this is more easily achieved for amino acids than for energy. Analytical options for amino acids have evolved to include better procedures (especially tryptophan). This includes near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) which uses larger sample sizes to improve estimation.

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Boyd, R., M. Sifri, D. Holzgraefe, B. Borg and M. Pope. 2023. Amino acid levels and energy specifications in soybean meal for poultry and pigs. Feedstuffs June 2023 p.10.